Memorandum Elia Group 2024

TIME TO DELIVER ON GRIDS: ACCELERATING TOWARDS A CLEAN AND COMPETITIVE FUTURE

ELIA GROUP INPUT FOR THE 2024 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS

OUR PROPOSALS

THE NEED FOR SPEED:

ENSURING FASTER PROJECT DELIVERY TO ACHIEVE A NET-ZERO ENERGY SYSTEM

TRANSFORMING THE NORTH AND BALTIC SEAS INTO ENERGY HUBS FOR EUROPE

ENHANCING EUROPEAN COMPETITIVENESS AND ENSURING A RELIABLE NET-ZERO SUPPLY CHAIN

HARNESSING THE POTENTIAL OF DIGITALISATION: MOVING TOWARDS A CONSUMERCENTRIC, SECURE, AND RESILIENT EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY SYSTEM

IN SHORT

- The next 5 to 10 years offer a window of opportunity in terms of grid development for keeping up with the spread of electrification.

- Policymakers need to reduce the throughput time of the necessary grid infrastructure and set up frameworks for partnerships between countries with different RES potential.

- Solid supply chains close to home support local economies and job creation. However, this should happen in a coordinated manner to prevent Member States from engaging in unnecessary competition

THE UPCOMING ELECTION CYCLE WILL DETERMINE THE SUCCESS OF THE ENERGY TRANSITION.

Dear reader,

The efficient and widespread deployment of electricity grids is crucial for achieving the objectives of the Green Deal and transforming Europe into the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. Access to abundant volumes of renewable energy is equally vital for securing the continent’s energy supply and long-term price stability. It will preserve industrial competitiveness and also ensure the continuity of our socioeconomic prosperity. Time is of the essence. The next 5 to 10 years represent a critical window of opportunity in terms of grid development and its role in mitigating Europe’s reliance on fossil fuels and keeping up with the spread of electrification across industry and society.

Triple the speed of RES expansion

‘Roadmap to Net Zero’, Elia Group’s 2021 vision paper on building a climate-neutral EU energy system by 2050, demonstrates that Europe’s direct electricity demand in 2050 can be met - but only if we immediately accelerate annual renewable expansion by a factor of three, maximise electrification, increase efficiency and build more interconnectors to balance out the uneven distribution of renewable energy sources (RES) across Europe. Achieving these ambitious objectives demands a thorough evaluation of both existing legislation and any gaps that are currently hindering practical action. Since the pursuit of climate neutrality is a shared aspiration, attaining it will require more coordination and more collaboration amongst Europe’s countries and energy sectors. The upcoming election cycle will therefore determine the success of our work on the energy transition.

Partnerships between countries with different RES potentials and competencies

To make optimal use of the continent’s scarce RES, Europe needs to set up frameworks for partnerships between countries with different levels of RES potential. Policymakers at all institutional levels need to focus on measures that reduce the throughput time of the necessary grid infrastructure (currently about 10 years) and create the right investment framework. This will include the mobilisation of larger EU-scale funding opportunities and solid supply chains close to home.

Proximity to suppliers supports local economies and job creation. However, this should happen in a coordinated manner to prevent Member States from engaging in unnecessary competition. Each country should leverage its strengths and competencies to contribute in an effective manner to the collective goal. Ultimately, this approach will enable the closer monitoring and management of production processes, facilitate innovation, and foster responsiveness to changing market dynamics.

Improving efficiency is a top priority for cost reduction

Elia Group has a major responsibility to realise investments in the most cost-effective manner possible. Ultimately, the impact on consumers must be a positive one. That’s why we prioritise projects which have the greatest impact on society.

Over the next five years, we will invest €30.1 billion into projects in Belgium (€9.4 billion) and Germany (€20.7 billion). That is a significant amount, and so a significant milestone in the history of our company. Consequently, we are preparing our organisation for the next level of investment delivery, supported by a new structure, new processes, and additional staff. Our track record makes us confident that we will be able to deliver the new investments that society needs.

Moreover, improving our operational efficiency will remain a top priority. We will achieve this by focusing on digitalisation and automation and by improving our maintenance activities.

Flexible consumption will become a game changer

At the same time, the electrification of mobility, heating and industry should be prioritised. Electrification and digitalisation are enabling flexible consumption, in turn allowing consumers to adjust their use of electricity in line with the availability of renewable energy, so optimising their energy consumption patterns and the grid’s stability.

Following the publication of our vision paper on flexible consumption in 2023, Elia Group will work on issues such as real-time pricing and launch projects that allow our customers to benefit from offering their flexibility to the market. This will fundamentally change the way the system is managed and create value for consumers and for the system.

Continued engagement to co-shape the evolution of EU energy markets

We expect that 2024 will involve a dynamic political landscape of shifting governments. Elia Group will continue to co-shape the evolution of energy markets by supporting new governments in their decision-making. In preparation for the European elections, this paper outlines the main policy challenges to address in order to define the most efficient way to reach net zero by 2050.

We hope you enjoy the read.

ABOUT ELIA GROUP

Elia Group is a unique European company which owns two transmission system operators (TSOs): Elia Transmission Belgium (ETB), which operates in Belgium; and 50Hertz Transmission (50Hertz), which operates in the north and east of Germany. It is through these regulated entities that the Group operates 19,460.5 km of high-voltage power lines and cables, and keeps the lights on for over 30 million end users.

Our unique position and commitment to innovation and collaboration has led us to develop some of the world’s first projects of their kind, including the hybrid interconnector that links Germany to Denmark (Kriegers Flak Combined Grid Solution) and Belgium’s artificial energy island in the North Sea (the Princess Elisabeth Island).

Nemo Link, an interconnector which links Belgium to Great Britain and is subject to its own regulatory system, is one of the highest performing HVDC subsea interconnectors across the globe. We harness the expertise and experience we have gained in Belgium and Germany and apply it via our non regulated activities, like WindGrid in the US. These have secured our position as a truly international energy company and will allow us to keep growing and diversifying our value chain.

30 million end users

19,460.5 km high-voltage lines and cables

€ 30.1 billion CAPEX programme for the next 5 years

THE NEED FOR SPEED:

ENSURING FASTER PROJECT DELIVERY TO ACHIEVE A NET-ZERO ENERGY SYSTEM

• Ensuring fast and efficient delivery of projects needed for the decarbonisation of European society.

AMBITIONS

• Giving adequate consideration to future electrification needs by developing a ‘grid leading approach’ and creating a regulatory framework that encourages anticipatory investments.

• Establishing a cross-border framework which allows harnessing the full onshore and offshore renewable potential of the EU and beyond. Creating predictable investment signals to unlock projects which contribute to Europe’s overall socioeconomic welfare.

CONTEXT

• In the coming years, electricity consumption in Europe will increase drastically, partially substituting other energy carriers. By 2032, electricity consumption is expected to grow by 55% in Germany and 50% in Belgium compared with 2022.

• We are thus on the verge of a new industrial revolution, requiring massive investments in energy infrastructure to be undertaken. Due to the long lead time of infrastructure projects, the further development of the electricity grid needs to be planned well in advance, taking into account the need to decarbonise and electrify different economic sectors.

• In addition, the recently revised Renewable Energy Directive raises the EU’s binding target for the share occupied by renewables in the energy mix by 2030 to a minimum of 42.5%, up from the former 32% target, with the aspiration to reach 45%. This means almost doubling the existing share of renewable energy in the EU.

• A strong, reliable, and interconnected high-voltage grid is therefore a fundamental precondition for the establishment of a competitive and sustainable energy system. It will ensure that electricity can be transported throughout Europe and will contribute to economic development, European competitiveness, and strengthen the Union’s energy sovereignty.

• To achieve this, in the short term, we need:

- More coordinated and integrated grid planning, building upon Member State accountability for the set targets.

- An adequate regulatory framework that recognises anticipatory investments.

- Work on enhanced permitting procedures for energy infrastructure.

- Improved access to finance.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. More coordinated and integrated grid planning

Both co-legislators and the European Commission have put extensive work into developing national and European grid planning frameworks that are fit for putting the energy system on a path to net-zero. The revised TEN-E Regulation and the recently adopted gas package are important milestones which are paving the way to a decarbonised energy system. They take into account the need for enhanced collaboration across sectors and stakeholders and integrate new technologies and energy carriers first and foremost hydrogen - into planning processes. For the upcoming term, we recommend that Europe and its Member States focus on the following:

• Implement the revised energy infrastructure planning framework to reach the 2030 targets and beyond.

Legislators should support the involved actors to perform their tasks and intensify their partnerships and collaboration in order to evolve to a truly regional optimisation approach. As TSOs, we are committed to delivering on our responsibilities, including those related to the new Offshore Network Development Plans.

• Ensure consistency in targets and accountability for Member States for efficient energy infrastructure planning to take place at national and EU levels.

We are counting on Member States to stringently translate EU targets into their national contexts; we expect the revised National Energy and Climate Plans (due to be delivered by mid-2024) will be a first step in this regard, and we count on Member States to make use of existing fora (such as the NSEC, BEMIP etc.) for enhanced coordination at regional level.

• The European Commission should have effective oversight of Member State contributions and their alignment with the agreed targets.

2. Ensure an adequate regulatory framework that encourages anticipatory investments

To ensure the energy transition is swift, meets the demands associated with connecting increasing amounts of renewable energy sources to the grid, and accounts for the further electrification of the industrial and transport sectors in particular, anticipatory investments are key. Failing to secure the required investments in advance will both delay the establishment of a net-zero society and eventually also generate additional costs. For a ‘grid leading approach’ to be taken, the following prerequisites are required:

• Tariff methodologies need to recognise and incentivise the front-loading of anticipatory investments, while ensuring an adequate return on equity.

• TSOs need to have a clear mandate to propose anticipatory investments that are supporting an accelerated deployment towards a net-zero society, and regulatory authorities need to have a mandate to approve such projects.

• Future-oriented operational expenditure needs to be incentivised to further unlock flexibility, optimise the use of grid and enable digitalisation, etc.

• At the European level, the sharing of best practice between Member States should be promoted, and if relevant, recommendations about the latter should be provided by the European Commission.

3. Improve access to finance

To meet Europe’s energy and decarbonisation targets, grid operators will invest unprecedented amounts in their grids and other assets needed to ensure the success of the energy transition. Inflation, rising interest rates and constrained public resources are making it challenging to attract the capital required to deliver the massive portfolio of net-zero projects. To ensure that grid developers have access to the financial means they need, we recommend that the actions outlined below are undertaken by the European institutions.

• Provide for financing instruments that counter-guarantee the credit risk of commercial banks

Lower the impact of huge volumes of capital expenditure on the credit rating of grid operators, as proposed by the European Commission in its recent Grid and Wind Power Action Plans. Member-States and/or competent European authorities could for example provide for a guarantee for bank or public loans taken out by TSO’s.

• Increase the budget from relevant EU funding mechanisms such as the Connecting Europe Facility for Energy (CEF-E) or develop additional dedicated funds.

As current rules for cost sharing between Member States have not yet proven that they are fit for purpose, EU-wide funding should not only be considered as a catalyst for realising projects that contribute to Europe’s overall socioeconomic prosperity. EU funding will also very soon become a necessity to support the huge CAPEX needs. Otherwise, we will keep the current paradigm of identifying projects based on benefits of the project promotors (countries) and we are likely to fall short with respect to the European targets.

Particular attention should be paid to the unlocking of projects in the pipeline which will provide a net number of benefits at the pan-European level, bringing renewable energy from those countries with a huge amount of renewable potential to those in need of green electricity.

TRANSFORMING THE NORTH AND BALTIC SEAS INTO ENERGY HUBS FOR EUROPE

• Realise the full renewable energy potential of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea by integrating new offshore wind farms into a meshed offshore electricity grid, including via hybrid offshore interconnectors and energy hubs.

CONTEXT

• In January 2023, Member States agreed on non-binding goals relating to the generation of offshore renewable energy by 2050, with intermediate goals for 2030 and 2040, in each of the EU’s five sea basins. The 2030 goals are nearly twice as high as the 61 GW ambition set out in the European Commission’s 2020 offshore strategy. The North Sea Summit held in Ostend, Belgium, in April 2023 saw the offshore wind capacity target being raised to at least 300 GW by 2050. Regarding the Baltic Sea, the signatory states of the Marienborg Declaration in 2022 agreed on a combined ambition of at least 19.6 GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030, while recognising the potential for reaching up to 93 GW beyond 2030.

• Despite the ambitious goals to develop renewable energy, it will remain a scarce good. Prioritising how and where to use renewable energy most efficiently is therefore necessary.

• Both Belgium and Germany are front-runners in the development of offshore wind energy. Elia Group owns and operates the world’s only hybrid offshore interconnector (Kriegers Flak Combined Grid Solution). In Belgium, construction works has started on the Princess Elisabeth Island, the world’s first artificial energy island.

• In addition to the existing interconnector with the United Kingdom (Nemo Link), Belgium is working on two additional hybrid interconnectors with the United Kingdom (Nautilus) and Denmark (TritonLink). Furthermore, Belgium is in talks and has signed bilateral agreements with the Netherlands and Norway. Through 50Hertz, Germany has further concrete plans for interconnectors to Denmark (Bornholm Energy Island), the Baltic states (Baltic WindConnector) and Sweden (Hansa PowerBridge). The realisation of these projects is key for reaching European and national targets in the lead-up to climate neutrality and make a significant contribution towards European energy sovereignty.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. A future-proof regulatory framework is needed at European level to allow Europe’s offshore renewables potential to be fully harnessed

Countries that have too many renewable energy sources for their own needs require sufficient incentives to harness their potential in the most energy-efficient way and provide it to countries which have too few renewable energy sources for their needs.

A key element is the adequate consideration of costs and benefits and the determination of a fair distribution among those countries that exhibit related externalities. This relates in particular to projects which contribute to Europe’s overall socioeconomic wellbeing but fail to provide sufficient gains to those countries hosting the projects. Such considerations need to be made for grid operators, for sharing the costs of the grid, and for wind farm developers, for the generation support scheme.

2. Closer cooperation with the United Kingdom is necessary

The absence of price coupling with UK markets makes the development of hybrid offshore interconnectors with the UK very challenging. The uncertainties and associated inefficiencies lead to a significant increase of the cost of capital, and hence increases the costs of the transition to a net-zero society.

A return to price coupling should thus be investigated and re-established. Furthermore, any negative impact of CBAM on electricity flows between the UK and Europe across the interconnectors should be avoided.

3. Member States need to be supported to commit to voluntary targets established on their own initiative

• Cooperation agreements and pledges to meet ambitious renewable development and interconnector targets include the North Sea targets agreed on in Esbjerg (2022) and Ostend (2023), and the Baltic Sea target agreed on in Marienborg (2022).

• It is crucial that work on these pledges is properly monitored to ensure the necessary actions are taken. This relates in particular to the establishment of political agreements about aforementioned access to renewable energy and related cost and benefit sharing between the countries involved.

4. Align net-zero ambitions with efficient electrification and industrial competitiveness

• To swiftly decarbonise the energy system, the best use of the EU’s renewable energy sources should be made by prioritising direct electrification.

ENHANCING EUROPEAN COMPETITIVENESS

AND ENSURING A RELIABLE NET-ZERO SUPPLY CHAIN

• Boost the capacity of supply chains, adapt procurement legislation and train Europe’s workforce to ensure the timely completion of grid projects.

CONTEXT

• A well-functioning and reinforced grid is not just a route to a cleaner power system, it is a competitive advantage in Europe’s industrial transition. Well-functioning grids are therefore an effective and no-regret investment.

• Ambitious European network development and maintenance plans and increasing worldwide demand have led to shortages in critical grid technology supply chains, with the availability of equipment such as HVDC converters and power cables being limited. This has gradually led to contractor and manufacturer order books overflowing. To avoid project delays, it is thus fundamental to mitigate grid infrastructure supply risks.

• In dense supply chains, European system operators should not have to compete for the exact same technologies, driving prices even higher. The voluntary aggregation of European demand is proven to have beneficial effects for planning and pricing. Moreover, it contributes to more reliable demand and return on investment from a supply chain point of view.

• Public procurement rules should establish fair and transparent practices that help to differentiate the quality of offers and provide a non-discriminatory framework for economically and environmentally sustainable choices. However, experience shows that lengthy procurement procedures with redundant elements for net-zero technology made in Europe are detrimental for the sector. Why should manufacturers participate in an EU tender, when it’s easier and faster to sell to a third country? It should be both attractive to ‘produce in Europe’ and also to ‘sell in Europe’.

• The energy industry is already facing a war on talent and is experiencing a shortage of technically skilled workers. In addition, the competencies required for planning, designing, building, operating and maintaining a reliable and sustainable grid infrastructure are changing.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The European Commission should establish and operationalise a clean transition dialogue on electricity grids

Invite actors such as system operators, manufacturers, and energy-intensive industries to support the electricity sector in delivering its infrastructure projects on time and on budget and to enable the digitalisation of the energy sector.

2. The European Commission should enable the creation of voluntary joint procurement platforms between TSOs for the most critical grid technologies

This is particularly relevant for technologies where standardisation has added value for both operators and manufacturers; it also provides domestic manufacturers with planning and investment security when they are faced with decisions about increases in their production capacity.

3. Revise the framework*

Bring lenghty processes, complicated procedures and outdated thresholds up to speed with an extremely dense market for grid technologies, where high demand is often met with few suppliers and/or full order books. Suitable actions could include:

Adapting the thresholds for public tenders in line with the current market situation and project sizes needed for the Green Deal.

Enabling TSOs to resell equipment to other TSOs without having to undergo new procurement procedures (e.g., in situations involving more urgent needs, emergency repairs, project adjustments…).

Enabling preferred-bidder processes, to allow negotiations with the best-placed bidder, without a pro forma obligation to negotiate with all bidders (which is lengthy and offers no added value).

Establishing the possibility of inviting a selected group of technology manufacturers and/or service providers to participate in tenders only (non-open tenders), to speed up processes in particularly dense supply chains.

4. The European Commission should initiate and steer standardisation activities, as pointed out in the EU Action Plan for Grids

Areas for potential standardisation should take into account ongoing initiatives, and be selected on a needs-based manner in line with their pragmatic implementation and feasibility (e.g. interoperable multi-terminal multi-vendor HVDC grid technology). The further harmonisation and standardisation of certain types of components can incentivise investments in production capacities for domestic suppliers while creating a fair competition environment.

5. Create partnerships to develop digital training, research and innovation frameworks to boost the upskilling of Europe’s workforce and attract talent

The Net-Zero Industry Academies as announced in the Net-Zero Industry Act should therefore be operationalised as swiftly as possible.

THE AFFORDABILITY OF ENERGY IS CRUCIAL FOR HOUSEHOLDS AND EUROPEAN INDUSTRY. THAT’S THE REASON WHY BELIEVE THAT DISCUSSING OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE THE COST OF THE ENERGY TRANSITION AND THE EXPANSION OF THE ELECTRICITY GRID IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT AT EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL LEVELS. WE NEED TO EXAMINE EVERY ADDITIONAL BUREAUCRATIC BURDEN THAT CAN BE REDUCED, EVERY INVESTMENT IN SUPPLY CHAINS THAT WILL INCREASE COMPETITION BETWEEN SUPPLIERS IN THE EXPANSION OF THE GRID OR RENEWABLE ENERGY, AS THESE WILL HELP TO SHRINK THE PRICE OF ELECTRICITY. THAT’S A KEY TOPIC FOR BOTH EUROPE AND INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES TO ADDRESS IN 2024 TO GUARANTEE THE AFFORDABILITY OF ELECTRICITY.

HARNESSING THE POTENTIAL OF DIGITALISATION: MOVING TOWARDS A CONSUMER-CENTRIC,

SECURE, AND RESILIENT EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY SYSTEM

• Enabling consumers and companies to unlock the value of their own flexibility in electricity markets and to access competitive energy services at, and behind, the meter.

• Ensuring the facilitation of system operators for the services developed by commercial parties, leveraging on the updated market rules, digital technologies, open access to data, interoperability and data security.

• Maintaining the electricity infrastructure’s high level of physical and cyber resilience, as well as an adequate and flexible electricity system, to facilitate security of supply in a more electrified society.

CONTEXT

• The energy and digital transitions are interlinked. As a result of digitalisation, millions of solar panels, electric vehicles, heat pumps and batteries can be controlled based on price signals and consumer choices. By shifting their consumption to moments when large amounts of low-cost renewable energy is available, consumers provide flexibility to the electricity system. This consumer flexibility will play a key role in integrating more variable renewable energy sources into the system, keeping the electricity system in balance, and contributing to energy affordability.

• Digitalisation is opening the door to new ways for consumers to interact with the electricity system. In addition to the need to accelerate the deployment of smart meters, leveraging sub-meters (including embedded meters) is key for unlocking flexibility and energy services at scale. Access to data at and behind the meter will allow customers to obtain more insights into their own consumption habits and improve their decisions regarding how to reduce their bills and maximise the value of their flexibility. Furthermore, it will stimulate market players to develop competitive offers for consumer-oriented energy services and allow system operators to improve their decision-making to operate a more renewable and decentralised electricity system.

• More generation from renewable energy sources and the accelerated electrification of demand is triggering an increased focus on facilitating security of supply by ensuring both the adequacy and flexibility of the electricity system. Additionally, maintaining the electricity grid’s high level of resilience against physical and cyber threats is vital for anchoring important industrial activity in Europe and ensuring the continent’s way of life.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Coordinate and efficiently organise interoperable access to data from smart meters and sub-meters (including embedded meters behind the meter)

This should be done at EU and national levels, through energy data hubs and energy data spaces, in line with the recently updated EU framework for energy (‘Fit for 55’, Electricity Market Design Reform (EMD), Action plan on digitalisation of energy) and digitalisation (e.g. Data Act, Data Governance Act). Addressing the remaining barriers in terms of technical requirements which are preventing the widespread use of data from sub-meters (including embedded meters) is key, for instance by assessing and updating relevant EU legislation such as the Directive 2014/32/EU on measurement instruments (MID).

2. Fully implement the consumer-oriented framework to ensure that consumer flexibility can participate in all markets and enable access to energy services in the EU

The full implementation of the Clean Energy Package and swift implementation of the recent ‘Fit for 55’ Package and the EMD reform is required. In addition to organising interoperable data access, it is necessary to allow multiple service providers and competition behind the meter and remove the remaining barriers that stand in the way of consumer flexibility participating in and maximising its value in different electricity markets.

3. Support the development of universal standards and digital identities to steer smart devices

Electric vehicles, charging stations and heat pumps must be able to communicate through open protocols in order to reduce entry barriers and maximise competition for services provided by commercial market parties. Appropriate universal and interoperable standards should be used, or otherwise developed, along with manufacturers at European level for devices which can be used flexibly, to ensure steering, interoperable data access and cybersecurity. In addition, leveraging the EU Digital Identity Framework, digital identities for smart devices and energy-related services should become ubiquitous, to allow the seamless and secure identification of different participants so that they can participate in electricity markets and services.

4. Promote the demonstration and accelerate the time-to-market of digital technologies applied to electricity grids

Promote e.g. digital twins, artificial intelligence, digital identities, quantum computing, cybersecurity solutions) via dedicated calls for projects in line with EU funding programmes such as the Digital Europe Programme and Horizon Europe.

5. Ensure an adequate and flexible system.

Firstly, this should be carried out by making capacity remuneration mechanisms (CRMs) part of the EU’s market design while streamlining and simplifying approval processes (in line with updates from the EMD reform). Secondly, this should be achieved by eliminating the remaining barriers that are preventing flexibility (including from consumers) from being unlocked in different electricity markets (including CRMs) before creating new tailor-made mechanisms.

6. Ensure that the electricity grid infrastructure and relevant digital infrastructure carries a

high level of resilience to cyber-attacks

Adequately transpose and implement the provisions of relevant EU legislation (such as the NIS2 Directive, the upcoming Cyber Resilience Act), in line with sectoral legislation and requirements (such as the upcoming Network Code on Cybersecurity). Ensuring ambitious implementation deadlines are stuck to, while reducing the administrative burden and complexity for system operators (e.g. multiple reporting of the same incidents) should be amongst the key areas of attention. Ensuring secure access and secure sharing of data is also key to enable the deployment of energy services at scale.

7. Strengthen cooperation and coordination at EU level to ensure the resilience of offshore and onshore grid infrastructure

This should be done to prepare for (and recover from) possible existing and new threats, in line with relevant EU electricity legislation, the recently adopted CER Directive and Council Recommendations (e.g., on the resilience of critical infrastructure, on a blueprint to improve response to disruptive cross-border incidents).

Elia Group SA

| Bd de l’Empereur 20

| Keizerslaan 20

| 1000 Brussels

| Belgium

Head of EU Affairs

| Bernard De Clercq

| bernard.declercq@eliagroup.eu